---
title: Those which have drifted or have been driven by whites and red men i… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Those which have drifted or have been driven by whites and red men into the peninsula of southern California are much like the Diggers. Who acts: Those. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, with its dep
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 21

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Those which have drifted or have been driven by whites and red men into the peninsula of southern California are much like the Diggers.

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**Who acts:** Those · **What happens:** drift, drive, be · **To what, where:** peninsula

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Those), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:16:21
# text = Those which have drifted or have been driven by whites and red men into the peninsula of southern California are much like the Diggers.
1	Those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	24	nsubj	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	drifted	drift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	whites	white	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	peninsula	peninsula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	California	California	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
21	much	much	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
22	like	like	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Diggers	Digger	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drift** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  | which *nsubj:pass* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Agent |
| 2 | **drive** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  | the peninsula of southern California |  | by whites and red men | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: into peninsula=Trajectory |
| 3 | **is** | present | Those |  |  |  |  | like the Diggers | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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