---
title: The different tribes and nations scattered over America seemed to ha… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The different tribes and nations scattered over America seemed to have known much about metals, although they used stone arrow points and stone axes when the first explorers visited their homes. Who acts: different tribes, tribes, stone, first explorers. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North A
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 22

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The different tribes and nations scattered over America seemed to have known much about metals, although they used stone arrow points and stone axes when the first explorers visited their homes.

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**Who acts:** different tribes, tribes, stone, first explorers · **What happens:** scatter, seem, know, use, arrow, visit · **To what, where:** different tribes, America, points, homes

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (different tribes, tribes, stone, first explorers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:16:22
# text = The different tribes and nations scattered over America seemed to have known much about metals, although they used stone arrow points and stone axes when the first explorers visited their homes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	scattered	scatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux	_	_
12	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	xcomp	_	_
13	much	much	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	about	about	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	metals	metal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
20	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	arrow	arrow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
22	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	axes	ax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
26	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	29	amod	_	_
29	explorers	explorer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
30	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scatter** | participle |  | the different tribes and nations *not said here* |  | America |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme over america=Destination |
| 2 | **seem** | past | the different tribes and nations |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 3 | **know** | to-infinitive · perfect | the different tribes and nations *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about metals | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about metal=Stimulus |
| 4 | **use** | past | tribes *= tribe* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **arrow** | present | stone | points and stone axes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **visit** | past | the first explorers | tribes's homes |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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