---
title: The early races of white people in all ancient lands used stone for… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The early races of white people in all ancient lands used stone for many purposes. Who acts: early races, white people. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 29

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The early races of white people in all ancient lands used stone for many purposes.

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**Who acts:** early races, white people · **What happens:** use, race · **To what, where:** stone

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (early races, white people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:16:29
# text = The early races of white people in all ancient lands used stone for many purposes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	races	race	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
9	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	purposes	purpose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the early races of white people in all ancient lands | stone |  |  |  | for many purposes | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent stone=Theme for purpose=Eventuality |
| 2 | **race** |  | white people in all ancient lands |  |  |  |  |  | nom race «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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