---
title: This first period has been called the Stone Age; this was followed b… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: This first period has been called the Stone Age; this was followed by the Copper Age; then came the Iron Age. Who acts: Copper Age, Iron Age. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, with its dependency tre
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 30

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This first period has been called the Stone Age; this was followed by the Copper Age; then came the Iron Age.

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**Who acts:** Copper Age, Iron Age · **What happens:** call, follow, come · **To what, where:** first period, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Copper Age, Iron Age), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:16:30
# text = This first period has been called the Stone Age; this was followed by the Copper Age; then came the Iron Age.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Stone	Stone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	followed	follow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Copper	Copper	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
20	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Iron	Iron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive |  | this first period |  |  | the Stone Age |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **follow** | past · passive | the Copper Age | this |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | the Iron Age |  |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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