---
title: They live in roofed huts and cultivate several kinds of crops. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They live in roofed huts and cultivate several kinds of crops. Who acts: Indians. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 8

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They live in roofed huts and cultivate several kinds of crops.

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**Who acts:** Indians · **What happens:** live, roof, cultivate · **To what, where:** roofed huts, several kinds

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:16:8
# text = They live in roofed huts and cultivate several kinds of crops.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	roofed	roof	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	huts	hut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Indians *= indian* |  |  | roofed huts |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hut=Location |
| 2 | **roof** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cultivate** | present | Indians *= indian* *not said here* | several kinds of crops |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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