---
title: The wealthier Indians live in the lower houses, except the official… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The wealthier Indians live in the lower houses, except the official whose duty it is to give the orders of the governor from the housetop. Who acts: wealthier Indians, other. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses, w
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses, sentence 14

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The wealthier Indians live in the lower houses, except the official whose duty it is to give the orders of the governor from the housetop.

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**Who acts:** wealthier Indians, other · **What happens:** live, be, order · **To what, where:** lower houses, housetop, governor

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wealthier Indians, other), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:17:14
# text = The wealthier Indians live in the lower houses, except the official whose duty it is to give the orders of the governor from the housetop.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wealthier	wealthy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	except	except	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	parataxis	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	orders	order	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	governor	governor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	from	from	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	housetop	housetop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the wealthier Indians |  |  | the lower houses |  | the official duty *parataxis* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | other |  |  | the housetop |  | the orders of the governor *obj*; give *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **order** |  |  | the governor |  |  |  |  | nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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