---
title: Some have thought the Zuñis are the descendants of this lost race; o… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Some have thought the Zuñis are the descendants of this lost race; others think them to be like the mound-builders. Who acts: Zuñis, others. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses, with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses, sentence 20

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Some have thought the Zuñis are the descendants of this lost race; others think them to be like the mound-builders.

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**Who acts:** Zuñis, others · **What happens:** think, be, lose · **To what, where:** Some, descendants · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zuñis, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:17:20
# text = Some have thought the Zuñis are the descendants of this lost race; others think them to be like the mound-builders.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Zuñis	Zuñi	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	ccomp	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
11	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	_
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	mound	mound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present · perfect · passive |  | Some |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the Zuñis | the descendants |  |  |  | of this lost race | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | present | others | descendants *= descendant* |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent they=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 5 | **be** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | like the mound builders | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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