---
title: They have had time to invent things that astonish the white men who… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They have had time to invent things that astonish the white men who have seen only the Indians of the wandering tribes. Who acts: Pueblos, things, white men. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses, with its dependenc
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They have had time to invent things that astonish the white men who have seen only the Indians of the wandering tribes.

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**Who acts:** Pueblos, things, white men · **What happens:** have, invent, astonish, see, wonder · **To what, where:** things, white men, Indians

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pueblos, things, white men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:17:7
# text = They have had time to invent things that astonish the white men who have seen only the Indians of the wandering tribes.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	invent	invent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	astonish	astonish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	only	only	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	wandering	wonder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	amod	_	_
22	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · perfect | Pueblos *= pueblo* |  |  |  | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **invent** | to-infinitive | Pueblos *= pueblo* *not said here* | things |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Result |
| 3 | **astonish** | present | things | the white men |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus man=Experiencer |
| 4 | **see** | present · perfect | the white men | the Indians of the wandering tribes |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer indian=Stimulus |
| 5 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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