---
title: These sticks have a feather fastened at the top, to show that prayer… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: These sticks have a feather fastened at the top, to show that prayer rises. Who acts: sticks, prayer. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Moki Indians, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Moki Indians, sentence 16

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These sticks have a feather fastened at the top, to show that prayer rises.

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**Who acts:** sticks, prayer · **What happens:** have, fasten, show, rise · **To what, where:** feather, top · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Moki Indians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sticks, prayer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:18:16
# text = These sticks have a feather fastened at the top, to show that prayer rises.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	rises	rise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this sticks | a feather |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |
| 2 | **fasten** | participle |  | a feather *not said here* |  | the top |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **rise** | present | prayer |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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