---
title: The northern bands laugh at their southern brothers, and think they… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The northern bands laugh at their southern brothers, and think they have been trying to become different. Who acts: northern bands, bands. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Dakota or Sioux, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Dakota or Sioux, sentence 15

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The northern bands laugh at their southern brothers, and think they have been trying to become different.

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**Who acts:** northern bands, bands · **What happens:** laugh, think, try, become · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Dakota or Sioux. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (northern bands, bands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:19:15
# text = The northern bands laugh at their southern brothers, and think they have been trying to become different.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bands	band	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	laugh	laugh	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	aux	_	_
15	trying	try	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	ccomp	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | present | the northern bands |  |  |  |  | at bands's southern brothers | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **try** | present · perfect · progressive | bands *= band* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **become** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | bands *= band* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | different *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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