---
title: PAGE Books in the Indian Language 3 Some Things the Indians knew bef… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: PAGE Books in the Indian Language 3 Some Things the Indians knew before White Men came 6 How the Iroquois built their Log Forts 10 Indian Records 12 Wampum Money 15 Indian Traits 20 The Indian’s Eye Training 26 Medicine Men among the Indians 28 The Indian at Home 31 Meaning of Indian Totems and Name
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sketches of Various Tribes of North American Indians, sentence 1

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PAGE Books in the Indian Language 3 Some Things the Indians knew before White Men came 6 How the Iroquois built their Log Forts 10 Indian Records 12 Wampum Money 15 Indian Traits 20 The Indian’s Eye Training 26 Medicine Men among the Indians 28 The Indian at Home 31 Meaning of Indian Totems and Names 35 Indian Names for the Months or Moons 39 Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes 44 The Indians who live in Brick Houses 47 The Moki Indians 54 Dakota or Sioux 57 Indian Games 59 Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota 62 Chief Logan and Others 68 A Navajo Medicine Chant 70 How the Cave People found Dry Land on the Earth (Zuñi Chant) 72

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**Who acts:** Indians, PAGE Books, Iroquois, Moki Indians, Cave People · **What happens:** know, come, build, live, chant, find · **To what, where:** Things, 6, Log Forts, Brick Houses, 70, Dry Land

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sketches of Various Tribes of North American Indians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, PAGE Books, Iroquois, Moki Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:2:1
# text = PAGE Books in the Indian Language 3 Some Things the Indians knew before White Men came 6 How the Iroquois built their Log Forts 10 Indian Records 12 Wampum Money 15 Indian Traits 20 The Indian’s Eye Training 26 Medicine Men among the Indians 28 The Indian at Home 31 Meaning of Indian Totems and Names 35 Indian Names for the Months or Moons 39 Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes 44 The Indians who live in Brick Houses 47 The Moki Indians 54 Dakota or Sioux 57 Indian Games 59 Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota 62 Chief Logan and Others 68 A Navajo Medicine Chant 70 How the Cave People found Dry Land on the Earth (Zuñi Chant) 72
1	PAGE	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	_
8	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	Things	Thing	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	White	White	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Men	Men	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	obj	_	_
18	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Iroquois	Iroquois	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	Log	Log	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Forts	fort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
25	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
26	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	Records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
28	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	nummod	_	_
29	Wampum	Wampum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	Money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	flat	_	_
32	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	Traits	Trait	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	_
34	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	33	flat	_	_
35	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	’s	's	PART	POS	_	36	case	_	_
38	Eye	Eye	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
39	Training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	appos	_	_
40	26	26	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	42	nummod	_	_
41	Medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	_
42	Men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	conj	_	_
43	among	among	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	46	nsubj	_	_
46	28	28	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	42	nmod	_	_
47	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
49	at	at	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	Home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	compound	_	_
51	31	31	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	50	flat	_	_
52	Meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	conj	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	Totems	totem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	nmod	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
57	Names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	conj	_	_
58	35	35	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	60	nummod	_	_
59	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	60	amod	_	_
60	Names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	nmod	_	_
61	for	for	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	Months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	60	nmod	_	_
64	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	65	cc	_	_
65	Moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	conj	_	_
66	39	39	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	67	nummod	_	_
67	Customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	conj	_	_
68	of	of	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
69	Kickapoo	Kickapoo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	67	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
71	Seminole	Seminole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	69	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	76	punct	_	_
73	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	76	cc	_	_
74	Other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	75	amod	_	_
75	Tribes	Tribe	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	76	nsubj	_	_
76	44	44	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	42	conj	_	_
77	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	78	det	_	_
78	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	76	nmod	_	_
79	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	80	nsubj	_	_
80	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	78	acl:relcl	_	_
81	in	in	ADP	IN	_	83	case	_	_
82	Brick	Brick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	83	compound	_	_
83	Houses	House	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	80	obl	_	_
84	47	47	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	83	flat	_	_
85	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	87	det	_	_
86	Moki	Moki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	87	compound	_	_
87	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	110	nsubj	_	_
88	54	54	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	89	nummod	_	_
89	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	87	conj	_	_
90	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	91	cc	_	_
91	Sioux	Sioux	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	89	conj	_	_
92	57	57	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	94	nummod	_	_
93	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	94	amod	_	_
94	Games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	87	nmod	_	_
95	59	59	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	94	list	_	_
96	Sioux	Sioux	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	95	nmod:unmarked	_	_
97	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	98	cc	_	_
98	Chippewas	Chippewas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	96	conj	_	_
99	of	of	ADP	IN	_	100	case	_	_
100	Minnesota	Minnesota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	98	nmod	_	_
101	62	62	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	102	nummod	_	_
102	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	96	nmod	_	_
103	Logan	Logan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	102	flat	_	_
104	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	105	cc	_	_
105	Others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	96	conj	_	_
106	68	68	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	96	list	_	_
107	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	109	det	_	_
108	Navajo	Navajo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	109	compound	_	_
109	Medicine	Medicine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	96	appos	_	_
110	Chant	chant	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	83	acl:relcl	_	_
111	70	70	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	110	obj	_	_
112	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	116	advmod	_	_
113	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	115	det	_	_
114	Cave	Cave	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	115	compound	_	_
115	People	People	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	116	nsubj	_	_
116	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	111	advcl	_	_
117	Dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	118	amod	_	_
118	Land	Land	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	116	obj	_	_
119	on	on	ADP	IN	_	121	case	_	_
120	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	121	det	_	_
121	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	116	obl	_	_
122	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	124	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
123	Zuñi	Zuñi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	124	compound	_	_
124	Chant	Chant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	121	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
125	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	124	punct	_	_
126	72	72	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	124	flat	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | the Indians | some Things *not said here* |  |  | before White Men |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 2 | **come** | past | PAGE Books in the Indian Language  some Things | 6 |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location 6=Theme |
| 3 | **build** | past | the Iroquois | Indians's Log Forts |  |  |  | 10 Indian Records  12 Wampum Money and Indian Traits *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset fort=Beneficiary record=Product |
| 4 | **live** | present | the Indians |  |  | Brick Houses |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location |
| 5 | **chant** | present | the Moki Indians  57 Indian Games and 54 Dakota or Sioux | 70 |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 70=Topic |
| 6 | **find** | past | the Cave People | Dry Land |  | the Earth and Zuñi Chant |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Topic |
| 7 | **mean** |  |  | Indian Totems and Names  35 Indian Names for the Months or Moons and 39 Customs of Kickapoo and Seminole |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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