---
title: The Dakotas play their ball games in the hot moons of the summer and… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Dakotas play their ball games in the hot moons of the summer and in the cold moons of the winter. Who acts: Dakotas. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Games, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Games, sentence 1

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The Dakotas play their ball games in the hot moons of the summer and in the cold moons of the winter.

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**Who acts:** Dakotas · **What happens:** play · **To what, where:** ball games, hot moons

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Games. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakotas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:20:1
# text = The Dakotas play their ball games in the hot moons of the summer and in the cold moons of the winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Dakotas	dakota	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | the Dakotas | Dakotas's ball games |  | the hot moons of the summer and the cold moons of the winter |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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