---
title: Always, at these games, the old men and squaws sit or stand at the o… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Always, at these games, the old men and squaws sit or stand at the outside of the ball ground, a mass of interested spectators. Who acts: old men. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Games, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/20/16/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Wigwam stories told by North American…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/) / [Indian Games](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/20/) / 16

# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Games, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always, at these games, the old men and squaws sit or stand at the outside of the ball ground, a mass of interested spectators.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old men · **What happens:** sit, stand · **To what, where:** games, outside

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Games. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:20:16
# text = Always, at these games, the old men and squaws sit or stand at the outside of the ball ground, a mass of interested spectators.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	squaws	squaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	sit	sit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	outside	outside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	interested	interested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	spectators	spectator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present | the old men and squaws |  |  | this games |  | always *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at game=Location |
| 2 | **stand** | present | the old men and squaws *not said here* |  |  | the outside of the ball ground |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at outside=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/20/15/)
- next →: [sentence 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/20/17/)
- ↑ back to [Indian Games](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/20/)