---
title: The bats are about thirty inches long, with a loop at the lower end;… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The bats are about thirty inches long, with a loop at the lower end; this is laced across with deer sinew, to make a pocket in which the ball is caught and thrown. Who acts: bats, deer. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Games, with its depen
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Games, sentence 5

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bats are about thirty inches long, with a loop at the lower end; this is laced across with deer sinew, to make a pocket in which the ball is caught and thrown.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bats, deer · **What happens:** be, lace, sinew, make, catch, throw · **To what, where:** this, pocket, ball

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Games. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bats, deer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:20:5
# text = The bats are about thirty inches long, with a loop at the lower end; this is laced across with deer sinew, to make a pocket in which the ball is caught and thrown.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	inches	inch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
15	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	laced	lace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
20	across	across	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	sinew	sinew	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	pocket	pocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	parataxis	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the bats |  |  |  |  | with a loop at the lower end; thirty inches *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lace** | present · passive |  | this |  |  |  | across *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **sinew** | present | deer |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | deer *not said here* | a pocket |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pocket=Product |
| 5 | **catch** | present · passive |  | the ball |  | a pocket |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **throw** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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