---
title: The Iroquois drove the Chippewas, or Ojibways, from their hunting gr… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Iroquois drove the Chippewas, or Ojibways, from their hunting grounds and from fishing in many waters in central New York; as the bands increased and more needed food, many started westward, and Chippewa names of lakes and rivers mark their progress toward the Mississippi. Who acts: Iroquois, ba
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 1

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The Iroquois drove the Chippewas, or Ojibways, from their hunting grounds and from fishing in many waters in central New York; as the bands increased and more needed food, many started westward, and Chippewa names of lakes and rivers mark their progress toward the Mississippi.

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**Who acts:** Iroquois, bands, many, Chippewa names, names · **What happens:** drive, increase, start, mark, name, progress · **To what, where:** Chippewas, needed food, progress, lakes

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iroquois, bands, many, Chippewa names), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:1
# text = The Iroquois drove the Chippewas, or Ojibways, from their hunting grounds and from fishing in many waters in central New York; as the bands increased and more needed food, many started westward, and Chippewa names of lakes and rivers mark their progress toward the Mississippi.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Iroquois	Iroquois	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Chippewas	chippewa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Ojibways	ojibway	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	grounds	grounds	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	5	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
22	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	flat	_	_
23	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	bands	band	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
28	increased	increase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	31	advmod	_	_
31	needed	needed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	nsubj	_	_
35	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
36	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
39	Chippewa	Chippewa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
40	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nsubj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nmod	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	conj	_	_
45	mark	mark	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
46	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	progress	progress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	_
48	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	Mississippi	Mississippi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | the Iroquois | the Chippewas or Ojibways and Ojibways's hunting grounds and fishing in many waters in central New York |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chippewa=Theme |
| 2 | **increase** | past | the bands | needed food |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer food=Patient |
| 3 | **start** | past | many |  |  |  |  | westward *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **mark** | present | Chippewa names of lakes and rivers | names's progress |  |  |  | toward the Mississippi | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent progress=Destination |
| 5 | **name** |  |  | lakes and rivers |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **progress** |  | names *= name* |  |  |  |  |  | nom progress «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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