---
title: They live in wigwams in summer and cover these with bark huts in win… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They live in wigwams in summer and cover these with bark huts in winter for greater warmth. Who acts: Pillagers. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 19

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They live in wigwams in summer and cover these with bark huts in winter for greater warmth.

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**Who acts:** Pillagers · **What happens:** live, cover · **To what, where:** wigwams, these

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pillagers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:19
# text = They live in wigwams in summer and cover these with bark huts in winter for greater warmth.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	wigwams	wigwam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cover	cover	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	huts	hut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
17	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Pillagers *= pillager* |  |  | wigwams | summer |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wigwam=Location |
| 2 | **cover** | present | Pillagers *= pillager* *not said here* | these |  |  | winter | with bark huts; for greater warmth | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent this=Destination with hut=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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