---
title: Each spring these Indians make large quantities of maple sugar, whic… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Each spring these Indians make large quantities of maple sugar, which they pack in mokuks, or birch-bark baskets, and sell or exchange at the stores in towns. Who acts: spring, Indians. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minne
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 22

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Each spring these Indians make large quantities of maple sugar, which they pack in mokuks, or birch-bark baskets, and sell or exchange at the stores in towns.

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**Who acts:** spring, Indians · **What happens:** make, pack, sell, exchange · **To what, where:** large quantities, maple sugar, mokuks, stores

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spring, Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:22
# text = Each spring these Indians make large quantities of maple sugar, which they pack in mokuks, or birch-bark baskets, and sell or exchange at the stores in towns.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	quantities	quantity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	maple	maple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obj	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	pack	pack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	mokuks	mokuk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	birch	birch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	baskets	basket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	sell	sell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	exchange	exchange	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
28	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	stores	store	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | each spring | large quantities of maple sugar |  |  |  | bark baskets *obl*; this Indians *nsubj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset quantity=Product |
| 2 | **pack** | present | Indians *= indian* | maple sugar |  | mokuks |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent which=Theme in mokuk=Destination |
| 3 | **sell** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **exchange** | infinitive |  |  |  | the stores in towns |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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