---
title: The men often dress in true Indian costumes, with buckskin leggings,… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The men often dress in true Indian costumes, with buckskin leggings, beadwork ornaments, blankets, and a feather in their scalp lock if they have killed an enemy; this honor is hard to give up, and even a murderer of one of his own tribe has dared to wear the eagle feather. Who acts: men, honor. A s
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 26

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The men often dress in true Indian costumes, with buckskin leggings, beadwork ornaments, blankets, and a feather in their scalp lock if they have killed an enemy; this honor is hard to give up, and even a murderer of one of his own tribe has dared to wear the eagle feather.

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**Who acts:** men, honor · **What happens:** dress, kill, be, give up, dare, wear · **To what, where:** feather, true Indian costumes, men, murderer, eagle feather

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, honor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:26
# text = The men often dress in true Indian costumes, with buckskin leggings, beadwork ornaments, blankets, and a feather in their scalp lock if they have killed an enemy; this honor is hard to give up, and even a murderer of one of his own tribe has dared to wear the eagle feather.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	dress	dress	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	costumes	costume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	buckskin	buckskin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	leggings	legging	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	beadwork	beadwork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	ornaments	ornament	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	blankets	blanket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	scalp	scalp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	lock	lock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
26	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
30	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
33	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	34	det	_	_
34	honor	honor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
36	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	38	mark	_	_
38	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	xcomp	_	_
39	up	up	ADP	RP	_	38	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
42	even	even	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	murderer	murderer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nsubj:pass	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	44	nmod	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	50	nmod:poss	_	_
49	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	_
51	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	52	aux	_	_
52	dared	dare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	parataxis	_	_
53	to	to	PART	TO	_	54	mark	_	_
54	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	52	xcomp	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
56	eagle	eagle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	compound	_	_
57	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress** | present | the men | a feather in men's scalp lock |  | true Indian costumes |  | with buckskin leggings and beadwork ornaments and blankets; often *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **kill** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · perfect · passive |  | men *= man* |  |  |  | a enemy *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer enemy=Result |
| 3 | **is** | present | this honor |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **give up** | to-infinitive | this honor *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **dare** | present · perfect · passive |  | a murderer of one of bear's own tribe |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **wear** | to-infinitive |  | the eagle feather |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent feather=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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