---
title: There is a large government school at Leech Lake, and many of the bo… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: There is a large government school at Leech Lake, and many of the boys and girls have learned the customs and books of the white people, but when they return to their wigwam homes there is little chance to change the home life, except in very simple ways. Who acts: large government school, many, cus
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 27

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is a large government school at Leech Lake, and many of the boys and girls have learned the customs and books of the white people, but when they return to their wigwam homes there is little chance to change the home life, except in very simple ways.

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**Who acts:** large government school, many, customs, little chance · **What happens:** be, learn, return, change · **To what, where:** customs, home life

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (large government school, many, customs, little chance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:27
# text = There is a large government school at Leech Lake, and many of the boys and girls have learned the customs and books of the white people, but when they return to their wigwam homes there is little chance to change the home life, except in very simple ways.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Leech	Leech	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	32	advmod	_	_
31	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	return	return	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
35	wigwam	wigwam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
37	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	38	expl	_	_
38	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	advcl	_	_
39	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
42	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	acl	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	compound	_	_
45	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
47	except	except	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
49	very	very	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
50	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a large government school at Leech Lake |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **learn** | present · perfect | many of the boys and girls | the customs and books of the white people |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent custom=Topic |
| 3 | **return** | present | customs *= custom* |  |  |  |  | to customs's wigwam homes *result* | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to home=Result |
| 4 | **be** | present | little chance |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **change** | to-infinitive | little chance *not said here* | the home life |  |  |  | except simple ways | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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