---
title: The extensive pine forests owned by the Chippewas have attracted man… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The extensive pine forests owned by the Chippewas have attracted many white men who are trying to gain possession of them, but the wise chiefs know their value and their people’s need, and they remember the years of warfare when the land was won; neither have they yet broken their treaty promises. W
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 34

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The extensive pine forests owned by the Chippewas have attracted many white men who are trying to gain possession of them, but the wise chiefs know their value and their people’s need, and they remember the years of warfare when the land was won; neither have they yet broken their treaty promises.

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**Who acts:** many white men, wise chiefs, ’s, men · **What happens:** own, attract, try, gain, know, need · **To what, where:** extensive pine forests, possession, value, people, land, treaty promises

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many white men, wise chiefs, ’s, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:34
# text = The extensive pine forests owned by the Chippewas have attracted many white men who are trying to gain possession of them, but the wise chiefs know their value and their people’s need, and they remember the years of warfare when the land was won; neither have they yet broken their treaty promises.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	extensive	extensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Chippewas	chippewa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:agent	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	attracted	attract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	trying	try	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	ccomp	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	gain	gain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	’s	'	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
34	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	remember	remember	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	warfare	warfare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	47	mark	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj	_	_
46	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux:pass	_	_
47	won	win	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	38	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	50	punct	_	_
49	neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
50	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	parataxis	_	_
51	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	_
52	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	_
53	broken	broken	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	50	ccomp	_	_
54	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	56	nmod:poss	_	_
55	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	compound	_	_
56	promises	promise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | participle |  | the extensive pine forests *not said here* |  |  |  | the Chippewas *obl:agent* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **attract** | present · perfect · passive |  | the extensive pine forests |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **try** | present · progressive | many white men |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **gain** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | many white men *not said here* | possession of men |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent possession=Theme |
| 5 | **know** | present | the wise chiefs | men's value and men's people |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer value=Stimulus |
| 6 | **need** | present | ’s | men's people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot people=Theme |
| 7 | **remember** | present | ’s *= '* |  |  |  | year |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 8 | **win** | past · passive |  | the land |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 9 | **have** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | neither *property* | tree rules |
| 10 | **broken** | present | ’s *= '* | men's treaty promises |  |  | yet |  | tree rules |
| 11 | **possess** |  |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 12 | **value** |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | nom value «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
| 13 | **promise** |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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