---
title: They built their wigwam fires farther westward each year, until they… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They built their wigwam fires farther westward each year, until they reached what is now northern Minnesota. Who acts: Marie. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 4

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They built their wigwam fires farther westward each year, until they reached what is now northern Minnesota.

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**Who acts:** Marie · **What happens:** build, reach, be, fire · **To what, where:** northern Minnesota

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Marie), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:4
# text = They built their wigwam fires farther westward each year, until they reached what is now northern Minnesota.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	wigwam	wigwam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	farther	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
7	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
17	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Minnesota	Minnesota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | Marie |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **reach** | past | Marie |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | northern Minnesota |  |  | now | what *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **fire** |  | Marie |  |  |  |  |  | nom fire «event transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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