---
title: There was a battle, and soldiers fell and much money was spent, but… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: There was a battle, and soldiers fell and much money was spent, but still the chief has not given up the men. Who acts: battle, soldiers. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 40

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There was a battle, and soldiers fell and much money was spent, but still the chief has not given up the men.

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**Who acts:** battle, soldiers · **What happens:** be, fall, spend, not give up · **To what, where:** much money, chief

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (battle, soldiers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:40
# text = There was a battle, and soldiers fell and much money was spent, but still the chief has not given up the men.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
16	still	still	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a battle |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | past | soldiers |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **spend** | past · passive |  | much money |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |
| 4 | **not** **give up** | present · perfect · passive |  | the chief |  |  |  | the men *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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