---
title: Some friendly Indians warned the whites of the coming troubles and h… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Some friendly Indians warned the whites of the coming troubles and helped them to escape. Who acts: friendly Indians, whites. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 43

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Some friendly Indians warned the whites of the coming troubles and helped them to escape.

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**Who acts:** friendly Indians, whites · **What happens:** warn, come, help, escape · **To what, where:** whites

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendly Indians, whites), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:43
# text = Some friendly Indians warned the whites of the coming troubles and helped them to escape.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	warned	warn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	whites	white	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	amod	_	_
10	troubles	trouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past | some friendly Indians | the whites of the coming troubles |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent white=Recipient |
| 2 | **come** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **help** | past | some friendly Indians *not said here* | whites *= white* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 4 | **escape** | to-infinitive | whites *= white* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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