---
title: These Indians were called traitors by the Sioux and had to flee for… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: These Indians were called traitors by the Sioux and had to flee for their own lives. Who acts: Sioux. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 45

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These Indians were called traitors by the Sioux and had to flee for their own lives.

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**Who acts:** Sioux · **What happens:** call, have, flee · **To what, where:** Indians · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sioux), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:45
# text = These Indians were called traitors by the Sioux and had to flee for their own lives.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	traitors	traitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	xcomp	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sioux	Sioux	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive | the Sioux | this Indians |  |  |  | traitors *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **have** | past | the Sioux *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **flee** | to-infinitive | the Sioux *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for Indians's own lives | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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