---
title: This warfare began years before the time of our war of the Revolutio… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: This warfare began years before the time of our war of the Revolution and did not end for nearly a century. Who acts: warfare, Revolution. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 9

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This warfare began years before the time of our war of the Revolution and did not end for nearly a century.

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**Who acts:** warfare, Revolution · **What happens:** begin, not end, war

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (warfare, Revolution), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:21:9
# text = This warfare began years before the time of our war of the Revolution and did not end for nearly a century.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	warfare	warfare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Revolution	Revolution	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	end	end	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | this warfare |  |  |  | time; year |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **end** | past · do-support | this warfare *not said here* |  |  |  | century |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **war** |  | the Revolution |  |  |  |  |  | nom war «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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