---
title: These are the names of men who kept their promises and fought bravel… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: These are the names of men who kept their promises and fought bravely for their white friends. Who acts: These, men. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Chief Logan and Others, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Chief Logan and Others, sentence 13

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These are the names of men who kept their promises and fought bravely for their white friends.

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**Who acts:** These, men · **What happens:** be, keep, fight, promise · **To what, where:** names, promises

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Chief Logan and Others. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:22:13
# text = These are the names of men who kept their promises and fought bravely for their white friends.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	promises	promise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
13	bravely	bravely	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | These | the names |  |  |  | of men | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | past | men | men's promises |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme |
| 3 | **fight** | past | men *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for promises's white friends; bravely *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **promise** |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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