---
title: One gift was a painted bow that reached from one end of the sky to t… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: One gift was a painted bow that reached from one end of the sky to the farther end. Who acts: One gift, painted bow. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth, sentence 13

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One gift was a painted bow that reached from one end of the sky to the farther end.

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**Who acts:** One gift, painted bow · **What happens:** paint, be, reach · **To what, where:** painted bow, one end

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One gift, painted bow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:24:13
# text = One gift was a painted bow that reached from one end of the sky to the farther end.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	farther	far	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	18	amod	_	_
18	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | One gift | a painted bow |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **reach** | past | a painted bow |  |  |  | from one end of the sky; to the farther end |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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