---
title: The shield was a net of cotton cords on a hoop of wood, and the last… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The shield was a net of cotton cords on a hoop of wood, and the last gift, a great magic war knife of flint, was fastened to the center of the shield. Who acts: shield. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Ear
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth, sentence 18

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The shield was a net of cotton cords on a hoop of wood, and the last gift, a great magic war knife of flint, was fastened to the center of the shield.

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**Who acts:** shield · **What happens:** be, fasten · **To what, where:** net

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shield), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:24:18
# text = The shield was a net of cotton cords on a hoop of wood, and the last gift, a great magic war knife of flint, was fastened to the center of the shield.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	net	net	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cords	cord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hoop	hoop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
21	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
22	magic	magic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
23	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	flint	flint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	center	center	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the shield | a net and the last gift  a great magic war knife of flint |  |  |  | of cotton cords on a hoop of wood; the last gift  a great magic war knife of flint *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fasten** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | to the center of the shield | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: to center=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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