---
title: “After the two children had cut the face of the earth with the stone… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “After the two children had cut the face of the earth with the stone war knife, they rode on the magic shield to the lowest cave where men lived. Who acts: children, men. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the E
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth, sentence 19

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“After the two children had cut the face of the earth with the stone war knife, they rode on the magic shield to the lowest cave where men lived.

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**Who acts:** children, men · **What happens:** cut, ride, live · **To what, where:** two children, magic shield

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:24:19
# text = “After the two children had cut the face of the earth with the stone war knife, they rode on the magic shield to the lowest cave where men lived.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
16	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	lowest	low	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	28	amod	_	_
28	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
29	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	31	advmod	_	_
30	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
31	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** *in a quote* | past · perfect · passive |  | the two children |  |  |  | the face of the earth with the stone war knife *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary face=Product |
| 2 | **ride** *in a quote* | past | children *= child* |  |  | the magic shield to the lowest cave |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **live** *in a quote* | past | men |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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