---
title: The Sun-children led mankind into the second cave; it was still all… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Sun-children led mankind into the second cave; it was still all darkness. Who acts: Sun children, mankind. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth, sentence 22

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The Sun-children led mankind into the second cave; it was still all darkness.

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**Who acts:** Sun children, mankind · **What happens:** lead, be · **To what, where:** mankind, second cave, darkness

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun children, mankind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:24:22
# text = The Sun-children led mankind into the second cave; it was still all darkness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	mankind	mankind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	still	still	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | participle | the Sun children | mankind |  | the second cave |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent mankind=Theme into cave=Destination |
| 2 | **is a** | past | mankind | all darkness |  |  | still |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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