---
title: The Sun-children shot the beasts with their arrows; then the beasts… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Sun-children shot the beasts with their arrows; then the beasts became stone. Who acts: Sun children, beasts. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth, sentence 44

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The Sun-children shot the beasts with their arrows; then the beasts became stone.

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**Who acts:** Sun children, beasts · **What happens:** shoot, become · **To what, where:** beasts, stone

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Cave People Found Dry Land on the Earth. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun children, beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:24:44
# text = The Sun-children shot the beasts with their arrows; then the beasts became stone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shoot** | past | the Sun children | the beasts |  |  |  | with beasts's arrows | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent beast=Patient with arrow=Instrument |
| 2 | **become** | past | the beasts | stone |  |  | then |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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