---
title: “The shot from his gun fell back into the lake; it struck two loons… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: “The shot from his gun fell back into the lake; it struck two loons and killed them. Who acts: shot, lake. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, sentence 124

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“The shot from his gun fell back into the lake; it struck two loons and killed them.

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**Who acts:** shot, lake · **What happens:** fall back, strike, kill · **To what, where:** lake, two loons, loons

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shot, lake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:26:124
# text = “The shot from his gun fell back into the lake; it struck two loons and killed them.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shot	shot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
15	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	loons	loon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall back** *in a quote* | past | the shot from shot's gun |  |  |  |  | into the lake *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into lake=Result |
| 2 | **strike** *in a quote* | past | lake | two loons |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loon=Patient |
| 3 | **kill** *in a quote* | past | lake *not said here* | loons *= loon* |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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