---
title: He was very big; Iagoo wanted him; Iagoo ran swifter than all the el… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He was very big; Iagoo wanted him; Iagoo ran swifter than all the elks; he came to the leader; he shot the leader of the elks; he fell like a tree in the forest; Iagoo lifted the elk to throw him over his shoulder; the elk horns struck the deer horns. Who acts: Iagoo, elk horns. A sentence of «Wigwa
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, sentence 138

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He was very big; Iagoo wanted him; Iagoo ran swifter than all the elks; he came to the leader; he shot the leader of the elks; he fell like a tree in the forest; Iagoo lifted the elk to throw him over his shoulder; the elk horns struck the deer horns.

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**Who acts:** Iagoo, elk horns · **What happens:** be, want, run, come, shoot, fall · **To what, where:** boy, swifter, leader, forest, elk, Iagoo

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iagoo, elk horns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:26:138
# text = He was very big; Iagoo wanted him; Iagoo ran swifter than all the elks; he came to the leader; he shot the leader of the elks; he fell like a tree in the forest; Iagoo lifted the elk to throw him over his shoulder; the elk horns struck the deer horns.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	Iagoo	Iagoo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	Iagoo	Iagoo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	swifter	swifter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	elks	elk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	elks	elk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
33	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
34	like	like	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
41	Iagoo	Iagoo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
42	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	elk	elk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obj	_	_
45	to	to	PART	TO	_	46	mark	_	_
46	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	advcl	_	_
47	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	obj	_	_
48	over	over	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	50	nmod:poss	_	_
50	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	55	punct	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	elk	elk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	compound	_	_
54	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	nsubj	_	_
55	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
57	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	compound	_	_
58	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Iagoo |  |  |  |  | big *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **want** | past | Iagoo | boy |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot he=Theme |
| 3 | **run** | past | Iagoo | swifter |  |  |  | than all elks | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme swifter=Trajectory |
| 4 | **come** | past | Iagoo |  |  | the leader |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to leader=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **shoot** | past | Iagoo | the leader of the elks |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Theme |
| 6 | **fall** | past | Iagoo |  |  | the forest |  | like a tree | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |
| 7 | **lift** | past | Iagoo | the elk |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elk=Theme |
| 8 | **throw** | to-infinitive | Iagoo *not said here* | Iagoo |  | Iagoo's shoulder |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent he=Theme over shoulder=Destination |
| 9 | **strike** | past | elk horns | the deer horns |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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