---
title: She tore off the bill of one of the slain mosquitoes and used it to… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: She tore off the bill of one of the slain mosquitoes and used it to dig with, and she used it twelve moons.” Who acts: club. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, sentence 48

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She tore off the bill of one of the slain mosquitoes and used it to dig with, and she used it twelve moons.”

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**Who acts:** club · **What happens:** tore off, use, dig · **To what, where:** bill

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (club), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:26:48
# text = She tore off the bill of one of the slain mosquitoes and used it to dig with, and she used it twelve moons.”
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tore	tore	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	slain	slain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	dig	dig	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tore off** | past | club | the bill of one of the slain mosquitoes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | past | club *not said here* | bill |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **dig** | to-infinitive | club *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **use** | past | club | bill |  |  |  | twelve moons *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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