---
title: She was hidden in the wickiup, or tent, and did not see what the boy… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: She was hidden in the wickiup, or tent, and did not see what the boys were doing until the papoose began to cry. Who acts: boys, papoose. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. How Clay Dishes Were First Made, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, II. How Clay Dishes Were First Made, sentence 3

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She was hidden in the wickiup, or tent, and did not see what the boys were doing until the papoose began to cry.

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**Who acts:** boys, papoose · **What happens:** hide, not see, do, begin, cry · **To what, where:** squaw, wickiup · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, II. How Clay Dishes Were First Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boys, papoose), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:27:3
# text = She was hidden in the wickiup, or tent, and did not see what the boys were doing until the papoose began to cry.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wickiup	wickiup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	19	obj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	ccomp	_	_
20	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	papoose	papoose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past · passive |  | squaw |  | the wickiup or tent |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient in wickiup=Location |
| 2 | **not** **see** | past · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **do** | past · progressive | the boys |  |  |  |  | what *obj* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 4 | **begin** | past | the papoose |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | the papoose *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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