---
title: The water manitous have cut the sides of this rock; it is smooth on… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The water manitous have cut the sides of this rock; it is smooth on the top; it is smooth on the sides; it is like a piece of ice in the Big Sea Water. Who acts: rock. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, III. Leaping Rock in the Pipestone Valley, wit
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, III. Leaping Rock in the Pipestone Valley, sentence 2

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The water manitous have cut the sides of this rock; it is smooth on the top; it is smooth on the sides; it is like a piece of ice in the Big Sea Water.

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**Who acts:** rock · **What happens:** cut, be · **To what, where:** water manitous, top, sides

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, III. Leaping Rock in the Pipestone Valley. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:28:2
# text = The water manitous have cut the sides of this rock; it is smooth on the top; it is smooth on the sides; it is like a piece of ice in the Big Sea Water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	manitous	manitou	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
28	like	like	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
35	Big	Big	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
36	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	Water	Water	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | present · perfect · passive |  | the water manitous |  |  |  | the sides of this rock *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary side=Product |
| 2 | **is** | present | rock |  |  | the top |  | smooth *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | rock |  |  | the sides |  | smooth *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | rock |  |  |  |  | like a piece; of ice in the Big Sea Water | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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