---
title: This rock is soft when it is first cut; it is red and white. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: This rock is soft when it is first cut; it is red and white. Who acts: rock. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. the Face of the Great Manitou in the Rock, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IV. the Face of the Great Manitou in the Rock, sentence 3

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This rock is soft when it is first cut; it is red and white.

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**Who acts:** rock · **What happens:** be, cut · **To what, where:** rock

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. the Face of the Great Manitou in the Rock. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:29:3
# text = This rock is soft when it is first cut; it is red and white.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	advmod	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this rock |  |  |  |  | soft *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | present · passive |  | rock |  |  |  | first *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **is** | present | rock |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | rock *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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