---
title: They sing songs to him; he helps the tribes. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: They sing songs to him; he helps the tribes. Who acts: Indians, stone. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. the Face of the Great Manitou in the Rock, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IV. the Face of the Great Manitou in the Rock, sentence 30

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They sing songs to him; he helps the tribes.

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**Who acts:** Indians, stone · **What happens:** sing, help · **To what, where:** songs, stone, tribes

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. the Face of the Great Manitou in the Rock. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:29:30
# text = They sing songs to him; he helps the tribes.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | Indians *= indian* | songs | stone |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent song=Topic to he=Recipient |
| 2 | **help** | present | stone | the tribes |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tribe=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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