---
title: The Dakota prays to the sun. One of his prayers is this: — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Dakota prays to the sun. One of his prayers is this: Who acts: Dakota, Spirit. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. the Face of the Great Manitou in the Rock, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IV. the Face of the Great Manitou in the Rock, sentence 32

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The Dakota prays to the sun. One of his prayers is this:

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**Who acts:** Dakota, Spirit · **What happens:** pray, be · **To what, where:** One, this

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. the Face of the Great Manitou in the Rock. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakota, Spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:29:32
# text = The Dakota prays to the sun. One of his prayers is this:
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prays	pray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | the Dakota | One of Spirit's prayers |  |  |  | to the sun. | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | this |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pray** |  | Spirit |  |  |  |  |  | nom prayer «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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