---
title: The squaws told their captors to bring many canoes; then, acting as… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The squaws told their captors to bring many canoes; then, acting as guides, leaped into the front canoe, calling on their captors to follow them. Who acts: squaws. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, V. How Two Squaws Saved Their Band, with its depen
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, V. How Two Squaws Saved Their Band, sentence 4

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The squaws told their captors to bring many canoes; then, acting as guides, leaped into the front canoe, calling on their captors to follow them.

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**Who acts:** squaws · **What happens:** tell, bring, act, leap, call, follow · **To what, where:** captors, many canoes, front canoe, squaws · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, V. How Two Squaws Saved Their Band. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (squaws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:30:4
# text = The squaws told their captors to bring many canoes; then, acting as guides, leaped into the front canoe, calling on their captors to follow them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	squaws	squaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	captors	captor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	iobj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	canoes	canoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	acting	act	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	guides	guide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	captors	captor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	advcl	_	_
29	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the squaws |  | squaws's captors |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent captor=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bring** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the squaws *not said here* | many canoes |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent canoe=Theme |
| 3 | **act** | gerund | the squaws *not said here* |  |  |  | then | as guides | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as guide=Attribute |
| 4 | **leap** | participle | the squaws *not said here* |  |  | the front canoe |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into canoe=Destination |
| 5 | **call** | gerund | the squaws *not said here* |  |  | squaws's captors |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **follow** | to-infinitive | the squaws *not said here* | squaws *= squaw* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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