---
title: He learned how to tan and use the buffalo skin; he learned the langu… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He learned how to tan and use the buffalo skin; he learned the language of birds; they would come when he would call their names; he learned how to make and use the bow and arrow. Who acts: man, bird. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. Story of
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VII. Story of the First Man and Woman, sentence 16

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He learned how to tan and use the buffalo skin; he learned the language of birds; they would come when he would call their names; he learned how to make and use the bow and arrow.

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**Who acts:** man, bird · **What happens:** learn, tan, use, come, call, make · **To what, where:** buffalo skin, language, names, bow · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. Story of the First Man and Woman. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:32:16
# text = He learned how to tan and use the buffalo skin; he learned the language of birds; they would come when he would call their names; he learned how to make and use the bow and arrow.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	tan	tan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
22	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	25	mark	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
31	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	33	advmod	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	conj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **tan** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | infinitive | man *not said here* | the buffalo skin |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |
| 4 | **learn** | past | man | the language of birds |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Topic |
| 5 | **come** | would | bird |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **call** | would | man | bird's names |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient |
| 7 | **learn** | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 8 | **make** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 9 | **use** | infinitive | man *not said here* | the bow and arrow |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bow=Patient |
| 10 | **name** |  | bird |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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