---
title: The manitou bird covered the man with a great buffalo skin, but his… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The manitou bird covered the man with a great buffalo skin, but his head was not covered, for he had much black hair. Who acts: manitou bird, man. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. Story of the First Man and Woman, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VII. Story of the First Man and Woman, sentence 17

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The manitou bird covered the man with a great buffalo skin, but his head was not covered, for he had much black hair.

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**Who acts:** manitou bird, man · **What happens:** cover, not cover, have · **To what, where:** man, head, much black hair

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. Story of the First Man and Woman. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (manitou bird, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:32:17
# text = The manitou bird covered the man with a great buffalo skin, but his head was not covered, for he had much black hair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	manitou	manitou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
23	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past | the manitou bird |  | the man |  |  | with a great buffalo skin | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent man=Destination with skin=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **cover** | past · passive |  | man's head |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
| 3 | **have** | past | man | much black hair |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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