---
title: Before he became a man and his face was cut in the stone, he was a g… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: Before he became a man and his face was cut in the stone, he was a great bird and his nest was in the pipestone rocks. Who acts: Manitou, great bird. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. Story of the First Man and Woman, with its dependency tree 
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VII. Story of the First Man and Woman, sentence 3

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Before he became a man and his face was cut in the stone, he was a great bird and his nest was in the pipestone rocks.

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**Who acts:** Manitou, great bird · **What happens:** become, cut, be · **To what, where:** man, face, stone, great bird, pipestone rocks

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. Story of the First Man and Woman. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Manitou, great bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:32:3
# text = Before he became a man and his face was cut in the stone, he was a great bird and his nest was in the pipestone rocks.
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	pipestone	pipestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | Manitou | a man |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **cut** | past · passive |  | Manitou's face |  | the stone |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **is a** | past | Manitou | a great bird and Manitou's nest |  |  |  | Manitou's nest *conj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | a great bird and Manitou's nest |  |  | the pipestone rocks |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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