---
title: At midnight they were awakened by many of the little people, who sai… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: At midnight they were awakened by many of the little people, who said that the hunters might take their packs of skins and all the food they wished from the cave if they would never again shoot the deer to feed the wolves. Who acts: many little people, hunters, Indians. A sentence of «Wigwam stories
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, X. the Little People of the Senecas, sentence 29

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At midnight they were awakened by many of the little people, who said that the hunters might take their packs of skins and all the food they wished from the cave if they would never again shoot the deer to feed the wolves.

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**Who acts:** many little people, hunters, Indians · **What happens:** awaken, say, take, wish, shoot, feed · **To what, where:** Indians, packs, food, cave, deer, wolves · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, X. the Little People of the Senecas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many little people, hunters, Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:35:29
# text = At midnight they were awakened by many of the little people, who said that the hunters might take their packs of skins and all the food they wished from the cave if they would never again shoot the deer to feed the wolves.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	awakened	awaken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
18	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	ccomp	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	packs	pack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	skins	skin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	27	det:predet	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	wished	wish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
35	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
36	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	37	advmod	_	_
37	again	again	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
38	shoot	shoot	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
42	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	advcl	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **awaken** | past · passive | the many little people | Indians *= indian* |  |  | midnight |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the many little people |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **take** | might | the hunters | Indians's packs |  |  |  | of skins and all food | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent pack=Theme of skin=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **wish** | past | Indians *= indian* | all food *not said here* |  | the cave |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot food=Theme |
| 5 | **shoot** *a condition, not said to happen* | would | Indians *= indian* | the deer |  |  | again; never |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deer=Theme |
| 6 | **feed** | to-infinitive | Indians *= indian* *not said here* | the wolves |  |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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