---
title: After two days he heard squaws trying to cut down the stump; they ra… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: After two days he heard squaws trying to cut down the stump; they ran away when he called to them. Who acts: Indian, squaws. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, sentence 14

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After two days he heard squaws trying to cut down the stump; they ran away when he called to them.

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**Who acts:** Indian, squaws · **What happens:** hear, try, cut down, run away, call · **To what, where:** squaws, stump · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian, squaws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:36:14
# text = After two days he heard squaws trying to cut down the stump; they ran away when he called to them.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	squaws	squaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stump	stump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	away	away	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Indian | squaws |  |  | day |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer squaw=Stimulus |
| 2 | **try** | gerund | squaws *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **cut down** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | squaws *not said here* | the stump |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stump=Product |
| 4 | **run away** | past | squaws *= squaw* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **call** | past | Indian |  | squaws *= squaw* |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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