---
title: The Indians gave him arrows, and he made himself a new bow; these he… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: The Indians gave him arrows, and he made himself a new bow; these he took and went on a long hunt. Who acts: Indians, Indian, these. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Indians gave him arrows, and he made himself a new bow; these he took and went on a long hunt.

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**Who acts:** Indians, Indian, these · **What happens:** give, make, take, go · **To what, where:** arrows, other three, Indian, long hunt

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, Indian, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:36:16
# text = The Indians gave him arrows, and he made himself a new bow; these he took and went on a long hunt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	17	nsubj	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	hunt	hunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the Indians | arrows | other three *= three* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient arrow=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | Indian | Indian |  |  |  | a new bow *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset himself=Beneficiary bow=Product |
| 3 | **take** | past | these |  |  |  |  | Indian *nsubj* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **go** | past | these *not said here* |  |  | a long hunt |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on hunt=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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