---
title: When it was night he slept in the trees; when it was day the hunter… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: When it was night he slept in the trees; when it was day the hunter flew until he was hungry, then he stopped and found something to eat. Who acts: tribe, hunter. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, with its dependency t
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, sentence 23

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When it was night he slept in the trees; when it was day the hunter flew until he was hungry, then he stopped and found something to eat.

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**Who acts:** tribe, hunter · **What happens:** be, sleep, fly, stop, find, eat · **To what, where:** night, trees, day, something

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribe, hunter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:36:23
# text = When it was night he slept in the trees; when it was day the hunter flew until he was hungry, then he stopped and found something to eat.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
18	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	25	advmod	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
28	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	27	obj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | tribe | night |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sleep** | past | hunter |  |  | the trees |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in tree=Location |
| 3 | **is a** | past | tribe | day |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fly** | past | the hunter |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past | hunter |  |  |  |  | hungry *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **stop** | past | hunter |  |  |  | then |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 7 | **find** | past | hunter *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 8 | **eat** | to-infinitive | hunter *not said here* | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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