---
title: No other Indian was ever seen to fly in the air. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: No other Indian was ever seen to fly in the air. Who acts: other Indian. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, sentence 26

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No other Indian was ever seen to fly in the air.

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**Who acts:** other Indian · **What happens:** see, fly · **To what, where:** other Indian, air

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other Indian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:36:26
# text = No other Indian was ever seen to fly in the air.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
2	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
6	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · passive |  | no other Indian |  |  | ever |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | to-infinitive | no other Indian *not said here* |  |  | the air |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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