---
title: His arrows had never come back; they brought him nothing; he was tir… — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: His arrows had never come back; they brought him nothing; he was tired and hungry; he had no more arrows. Who acts: arrows, Indian. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, sentence 3

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His arrows had never come back; they brought him nothing; he was tired and hungry; he had no more arrows.

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**Who acts:** arrows, Indian · **What happens:** have, not come back, bring, be · **To what, where:** nothing, Indian, more arrows

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arrows, Indian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:36:3
# text = His arrows had never come back; they brought him nothing; he was tired and hungry; he had no more arrows.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	no	no	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Indian's arrows |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **come back** | infinitive | Indian's arrows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bring** | past | arrows *= arrow* | nothing | Indian |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination nothing=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | Indian |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | Indian *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **have** | past | Indian | more arrows |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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