---
title: He saw some young saplings growing at the foot of a basswood tree. — Wigwam stories told by North American Indians · tree and pragmatics
description: He saw some young saplings growing at the foot of a basswood tree. Who acts: Indian, young saplings. A sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, sentence 6

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He saw some young saplings growing at the foot of a basswood tree.

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**Who acts:** Indian, young saplings · **What happens:** see, grow · **To what, where:** young saplings, foot

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This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian, young saplings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg73136:36:6
# text = He saw some young saplings growing at the foot of a basswood tree.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
4	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	saplings	sapling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	basswood	basswood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Indian | some young saplings |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sapling=Stimulus |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | some young saplings *not said here* |  |  | the foot of a basswood tree |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at foot=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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